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IPO is the apprentice test for all dogs. IPO 11 is the step towards the master level IPO Ill. Minimum age for entry in IPO I is 18 months; IPO II is 19 months; and IPO Ill is 20 months. Evidence of prior achievement of the B title must be presented before entry into IPO I is permitted.
Impartiality Test - The judge is allowed to evaluate the temperament of the dog throughout the entire test. In USA trials, the dog must pass an impartiality test before beginning an IPO evaluation.
Evaluation of Fighting Instincts - There is a evaluation of the fighting instincts, courage, and hardness of an IPO entrant during the protection phase.
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